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Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers
Last updated: June 20, 2010
Austria ( Österreich
)
Part I. The 11th
century-1282.
Overview.
In 955, German King Otto I took the territory of
Austria from the Hungarians, reconstituted the East March there and attached it
to Bavaria .
In 976, King Otto II bestowed Austria as a
separate fief on Leopold of Babenberg, founder of the first Austrian reigning
House, which also acquired Styria in 1192.
In 1156, Emperor Frederick I elevated Austria to
the rank of Duchy.
In 1246, the House of Babenberg became
extinct.
In 1250, Austria passed to Ottocar / Premysl II
(+1278), the future King of Bohemia, who in 1251–1269 also acquired
Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola.
In 1276, after King Rudolf I of the Romans
defeated Otakar / Premysl II renounced Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola.
King Rudolf I charged his sons Albert and Rudolf to govern Austria and
Styria.
In 1282, King Rudolf I bestowed Austria and
Styria to his sons Albert and Rudolf, who founded the Austrian reigning House of
Habsburg.
Bibliography.
1. Fichtenau, Heinrich; Zöllner,
Erich.Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Babenberger in Österreich (Wien :
A. Holzhausens Nachfolger, 1950-).
2. Schwind, Ernst Maria Augustin, Freiherr
von; Dopsch, Alfons. Ausgewählte urkunden zur
verfassungs-geschichte der deutsch-österreichischen erblande im mittelalter
(Innsbruck, Wagnersche universitäts-buchhandlung, 1895).
3. Friedrich, Gustav; Kristen,
Zdenek; Šebánek, J.; Dušková, S. Codex
diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae (Pragae, Sumptibus Comitiorum regni
Bohemiae, Praha, 1904-1907, 1912, 1942-1943, 1965-2000).
4. Chalmers, George. Collection of
Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers (1790-).
Geographical names.
Alsace -> Elsass (in E
France);
Austria -> Österreich;
Carinthia -> Kärnten (in Austria and
Slovenia);
Habsburg (in Aargau, N
Switzerland);
Kyburg (in Zurich, Switzerland);
Pordenone -> Portus Naonis; Portenau (in
Friuli-Venezia Giulia, NE Italy);
Styria -> Steiermark (in SE Austria and in NE
Slovenia);
--- the 11th century - 1139
Margrave of Austria (the East March);
@ Samples:
(June 1115) [1: Band 1; p.2-3; Doc.# 2]
< Leopold III (+1136), Margrave 1096
>
ego Liupoldus Orientalis regionis
marchio
--- 1139-1141 ( Leopold IV : Austria was united with
Bavaria )
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(July 1140) [1: Band 1; p.17-18; Doc.# 13]
< Leopold IV (+1141), Margrave of Austria
1136; Duke of Bavaria 1139 >
Liupaldus dei gratia Bauuariorum
dux
(1141) [1: Band 1; p.20-21; Doc.# 15]
Ego Liupaldus dei gratia Bauuariorum
dux
--- 1141-1143 ( Henry II "Jasomirgott" )
--- 1143-1156 ( Henry II "Jasomirgott" )
Duke of Bavaria;
Margrave of Austria;
@ Samples:
(Aug 1156) [1: Band 1; p.32-33; Doc.# 24]
< Henry II "Jasomirgott" (+1177), Margrave
(Duke 1156) of Austria 1141; Duke of Bavaria [1143-1156]
>
Henricus dei gratia dux Bauarie
et
marchio Austrie
--- 1156-1192
Duke of Austria;
@ Samples:
(Mar 1159) [1: Band 1; p.40-41; Doc.# 28]
< Henry II "Jasomirgott" (+1177), Margrave
(Duke 1156) of Austria 1141; Duke of Bavaria [1143-1156]
>
Heinricus divina favente clementia dux
Austrie
(1170) [1: Band 1; p.53; Doc.# 38]
Heinricus dei gratia dux Austrie
(1185) [1: Band 1; p.84-85; Doc.# 64]
< Leopold V "St." (+1194), Duke of Austria
1177 & Styria 1192 >
Ego Luipoldus dei gratia dux
Austrie
(Aug 1190) [1: Band 1; p.106; Doc.# 77]
Ego Liupoldus dei gratia dux
Austrie
--- 1192-1194 ( Leopold V )
Duke of Austria, Styria;
@ Added:
- [1192] Styria
Duke Leopold V of Austria (+1194) inherited
Styria (1192).
Note: In 1186, Duke Leopold V of Austria (+1194)
made a succession treaty with Duke Otakar IV of Styria.
@ Samples:
(Apr 1192) [2: p.25; Doc.# 17]
< Leopold V "St." (+1194), Duke of Austria
1177 & Styria 1192 >
Liupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et
Styrie
(July 1192) [1: Band 1; p.116-117; Doc.# 86]
Leiupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et
Styrie
(1193) [1: Band 1; p.119; Doc.# 87]
Liupoldus dux Austrie et Styrie
--- 1194-1198 ( Frederick I )
Duke of Austria;
@ Removed:
- [1194] Styria
After the death of Duke Leopold V (+1194) Austria
passed to his first-born son Frederick I (+1198), Styria passed to his second
son Leopold (+1230) .
@ Samples:
(1195) [1: Band 1; p.124-125; Doc.# 91]
< Frederick I (+1198), Duke of Austria 1194
>
Fridericus divina favente clementia Austrie
dux
(Mar 1196) [1: Band 1; p.127-128; Doc.#
94]
Fridericus dux Austrie
(Apr 1196) [1: Band 1; p.131; Doc.#
96]
Fridericus dei gratia dux
Austrie
(Apr 1197) [1: Band 1; p.134-135; Doc.#
100]
Fridericus dei gratia dux
Austrie
--- 1198-1232
Duke of Austria, Styria;
@ Added:
- [1198] Styria
Leopold VI (+1230), Duke of Styria, succeeded his
brother Frederick in Austria (1198).
@ Samples:
(Aug 1198) [1: Band 1; p.145; Doc.#
110]
< Leopold VI "der Glorreiche" (+1230), Duke
of Austria 1198, of Styria 1194 >
Leupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et
Styrie
(Jan 1209) [2: p.39; Doc.# 24]
Liupoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et
Styrie
(June 1217) [1: Band 2; p.12; Doc.#
209]
Livpoldus dei gratia dux Austrie et
Stirie
(Nov 1231) [1: Band 2; p.129; Doc.# 291]
< Frederick II (+1246), Duke of Austria
& Styria 1230 >
Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et
Stirie
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(July 1220) [1: Band 2; p.31; Doc.# 228]
< Henry "the Senior" (+1223), Duke of
Mödling >
Ego Heînricus de Medilicko dei
gratia
--- 1232-1246
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Lord of Carniola;
@ Added:
- Carniola
Duke Leopold II (+1230) purchased some lands from
the Bishop of Freising, and took the title of Lord of Carniola.
@ Samples:
(Mar 1232) [2: p.53; Doc.# 32]
< Frederick II (+1246), Duke 1230
>
Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et Styrie
et
dominus Carniole
(July 1236) [1: Band 2; p.166; Doc.# 327]
Nos Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie
et
dominus Karniole
(July 1244) [2: p.86; Doc.# 40]
Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie
et
dominus Carniole
(Mar 1246) [1: Band 2; p.304-305; Doc.# 437]
Fridericus dei gratia dux Austrie et Styrie
et
dominus Karniole
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(Dec 1232) [1: Band 2; p.145; Doc.# 307]
< Henry "the Junior", Duke of Mödling
>
Ego Heinricus dei gratia dux
Medilicensis
--- 1246-1251 ( Gertrude )
--- Titles of Gertrude
Duke of Austria, Styria;
@ Samples:
(1247) [1: Band 2; p.309-310; Doc.#
442]
< Gertrude (+1299), a daughter of Henry of
Austria (+1228) and a granddaughter of Duke Leopold IV of Austria; ~ (1) 1246
Wladislas of Bohemia (+Jan 1247), Margave of Moravia; ~(2) 1248 Herman VI (+
Oct 1250), Margave of Baden; ~(3) 1252 / div.1253 Roman (+ca.1260), Prince of
Galicia (Halicz) >
Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie
(May 1249) [1: Band 2; p.315; Doc.#
448]
Nos Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et
Stirie
(Feb 1251) [1: Band 2; p.319-320; Doc.#
453]
Nos Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et
Stirie
--- Titles of Herman of Baden
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Margrave of Baden;
@ Samples:
(Aug 1249) [1: Band 2; p.316; Doc.#
449]
< Herman VI (+ Oct 1250), Margave of Baden;
Duke of Austria >
Nos Hermannus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie
et
marchio de Badem
(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.318; Doc.#
451]
H(ermannus) dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie
et
marchio de Badem
(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.319; Doc.#
452]
Nos Hermannus dei gratia dux Austrie et Stirie
et
marchio de Baden
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(Oct 1246) [1: Band 2; p.308-309; Doc.# 441]
< Margaret (+1267), a daughter of Leopold
IV, Duke of Austria; ~(1) 1225 Henry VII of Hohenstaufen (+1242), King of
Germany; ~(2) 1252 / div. 1260/64 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of
Bohemia, Duke of Austria; etc. >
Nos Margareta dei gratia Romanorum
regina
(Mar 1248) [1: Band 2; p.312; Doc.# 445]
M[argaretha] dei gracia Romanorum quondam
regina
(Sep 1249) [1: Band 2; p.317; Doc.# 450]
Margareta dei gracia regina
Romanorum
--- 1250-1253 ( Otakar of Bohemia & Margaret
)
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Margrave of Moravia;
@ Added:
- [1250] Moravia
Otakar / Premysl of Bohemia (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia, became Duke of Austria (1250).
@ Samples:
(June 1252) [1: Band 2; p.320-321; Doc.# 454]
< Margaret (+1266), a daughter of Leopold
IV, Duke of Austria; ~(1) 1225 Henry VII (+1242), King of the Romans; ~(2)
1252 / div. 1260/1264 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of Bohemia, Duke of
Austria; etc. >
Nos Margaretha dei gratia Romanorum quondam
regina,
ducissa Austrie et Stirie ac
marchionissa Morauie
(Nov 1252) [1: Band 2; p.321-322; Doc.# 455]
Nos Margareta dei gratia ducissa Austrie et
Stirie ac
marchionissa Morauie
(Apr 1253) [2: p.88; Doc.# 41]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
O. dei gratia dux Austrie et
Styrie
marchio Moravie
--- 1253-1254 ( Otakar [ as II in Bohemia ] & Margaret
)
Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Margrave of Moravia;
@ Added:
- [1253] Bohemia
Duke Otakar / Premysl (+1278) succeeded his
father King Wenceslas I in Bohemia (1253).
@ Samples:
(Apr 1253) [2: p.97; Doc.# 45]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
O. dei gracia dominus regni Bohemie,
dux Austrie et Styrie et
marchio Moravie
(Dec 1253) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.30-31; Doc.#
2]
Nos Otacharus qui et Primizl, dei gracia dominus
regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et Stirie et
marchio Moravie
--- 1254-1260 ( Otakar [ as II in Bohemia ] & Margaret
)
Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria;
Margrave of Moravia;
@ Removed:
-[1254] Styria
Otakar / Premysl (+1278) recognized the loss of
Styria to Bela IV, King of Hungary (1254).
@ Samples:
(May 1254) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.67; Doc.#
29]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
Otacharus qui et Premizl, dei gracia dominus
regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et
marchio Moravie
(Oct 1258) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.265; Doc.#
166]
Nos Otacharus, dei gratia dominus regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et
marchyo Morauie
(July 1259) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.307; Doc.#
194]
Nos Otacharus qui et Premicel, dei gracia dominus
regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et
marchio Moravie
(Jan 1260) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.326; Doc.#
208]
Otacharus, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et
marchio Moravie
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(Jan 1255) [1: Band 2; p.323-324; Doc.#
457]
< Gertrude (+1299), a daughter of Henry of
Austria (+1228) and a granddaughter of Duke Leopold IV of Austria; ~ (1) 1246
Wladislas of Bohemia (+Jan 1247), Margave of Moravia; ~(2) 1248 Herman VI (+
Oct 1250), Margave of Baden; ~(3) 1252 / div.1253 Roman (+ca.1260), Prince of
Galicia (Halicz) >
Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et
Stirie
(Apr 1259) [1: Band 2; p.324-325; Doc.# 458]
< Frederick of Baden (+ in Naples 1268), a
son of Herman VI of Baden (+ Oct 1250) and Gertrude of Austria (+1299)
>
Fridericus dei gracia dux Austrie et
Stirie
--- 1260-1261 ( Otakar of Bohemia & Margaret
)
Lord of the Kingdom of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Margrave of Moravia;
@ Added:
-[1260] Styria
Otakar / Premysl (+1278) regained Styria when he
expelled Bela IV, King of Hungary (1260).
@ Samples:
(1260) [1: Band 2; p.326; Doc.#
459]
< Margaret (+1266), a daughter of Leopold
IV, Duke of Austria; ~(1) 1225 Henry VII (+1242), King of the Romans; ~(2)
1252 / div. 1260/1264 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of Bohemia, Duke of
Austria; etc. >
Igitur nos Margareta domina regni
Bohemie,
ducissa Austrie et Styrie,
marchionissa Moravie
(Apr 1260) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.341-342; Doc.#
220]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
Primisl, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,
Austrie et Styrie dux,
marchio Moravie
(Jan 1261) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.389; Doc.#
256]
Nos Otacharus, dei gracia dominus regni Boemie,
dux Austrie et Styrie
marchio Moravie
(Nov 1261) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.443; Doc.#
297]
nos Ottacarus, dei gratia dominus regni Bohemie,
dux Austrie et Styrie,
marchio Moravie
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(Feb 1261) [1: Band 2; p.328; Doc.#
461]
< Gertrude (+1299), a daughter of Henry of
Austria (+1228) and a granddaughter of Duke Leopold IV of Austria; ~ (1) 1246
Wladislas of Bohemia (+Jan 1247), Margave of Moravia; ~(2) 1248 Herman VI (+
Oct 1250), Margave of Baden; ~(3) 1252 / div.1253 Roman (+ca.1260), Prince of
Galicia (Halicz) >
Gertrudis dei gracia ducissa Austrie et
Styrie
--- 1261-1266 ( Otakar of Bohemia )
King of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria, Styria;
Margrave of Moravia;
@ Added:
- [1261] "Lord of the Kingdom of
Bohemia" with "King of Bohemia"
Otakar / Premysl (+1278), took the title of King
of Bohemia after his coronation (Dec 1261).
@ Samples:
(Dec 1261) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.452; Doc.#
304]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
Nos Odacharus, dei gratia quintus Boemorum rex,
dux Austrie et Styrie,
marchioque Moravie
(July 1262) [2: p.99; Doc.# 47]
Otacherus dei gracia rex Boemia,
dux Austrie et Stirie et
marchio Moravie
(Sep 1266) [3: tomus 5; part 1; p.711-712; Doc.#
480]
Otakorus, dei gracia rex Boemie,
dux Austrie et Styrie et
marchio Morauie
(Jan 1270) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.198-199; Doc.#
602]
Nos Othacarus, dei gracia Boemie rex,
dux Austrie et Styrie ac
marchio Morawie
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(May 1262) [1: Band 2; p.329; Doc.#
462]
< Margaret (+1266), a daughter of Leopold
IV, Duke of Austria; ~(1) 1225 Henry VII (+1242), King of the Romans; ~(2)
1252 / div. 1260/1264 Otakar / Premysl II (+1278), King of Bohemia, Duke of
Austria; etc. >
Margareta dei gratia Romanorum
regina
filia ducis Liupoldi
semper Augusta
(1264) [1: Band 2; p.331; Doc.#
464]
Margareta dei gratia Romanorum quondam
regina
ducissa Austrie et Styrie
(Oct 1266) [1: Band 2; p.382-383; Doc.#
465]
Margareta quondam filia Livpoldi illustris ducis
Austrie et Stirie et
Romanorum regina
--- 1270-1270 ( Otakar of Bohemia )
King of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia;
Margrave of Moravia;
Lord of Carniola, the Mark, Eger;
@ Added:
- [1270] Carinthia, Carniola, the
Mark
Otakar / Premysl (+1278) inherited Carinthia,
Carnioal & the Wendish Mark on the death of Duke Ulric III of Carinthia
(1270).
- [1270] Eger
Otakar / Premysl (+1278) acquired Eger (Cheb)
(1266).
@ Samples:
(Feb 1270) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.204; Doc.#
606]
< Otakar / Premysl (+1278), Margrave of
Moravia 1247, Duke of Austria 1251; Ruler (King 1261) of Bohemia 1253 (Premysl /
Otakar II); ~ (1) 1252 / div. 1260/1264 Margaret of Austria (+1266), Duchess of
Austria >
Nos Ottakarus dei gratia Boemorum
rex,
dux Austrie, Styrie et
Karinthie,
marchioque Morauie,
dominus Carniole, Marchie et
Egre
(Aug 1270) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.217; Doc.#
615]
Nos Otthakarus dei gratia Boemie
rex,
dux Austrie, Styrie et
Karynthie,
marchioque Morauie,
dominus Carniole, Marchie et
Egre
--- 1270-1276 ( Otakar of Bohemia )
King of Bohemia;
Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia;
Margrave of Moravia;
Lord of Carniola, the Mark, Eger, Pordenone;
@ Added:
- [1270] Pordenone
@ Samples:
(Nov 1270) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.230-231; Doc.#
625a]
Nos Ottokarus dei gracia Boemie
rex,
dux Austrie, Styrie et
Karinthie,
marchioque Moravie,
dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre et Portus Naonis
(July 1272) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.303; Doc.#
668]
Nos Othakarus dei gracia Boemie
rex,
dux Austrie, Stirie et Karinthie
ac
marchio Moravie,
dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre ac Portus Naonis
(Sep 1275) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.467,471; Doc.#
790]
Otokarus von den genoden gotis koning czu Behemen
und
herczog czu Österreych, czu Steyeren, czu
Karynten,
margrof czu Merem und
herre czu Carnele, der Marke, Eger und
Portusnaon
(Jun 1276) [3: tomus 5; part 2; p.510-511; Doc.#
816]
Othakarus dei gracia rex
Boemie,
dux Austrie, Stirie, Karinthie,
marchio Morauie,
dominus Carniole, Marchie, Egre ac Portus
Naonis
--- 1276-1282 ( Interregnum : the direct royal rule
)
@ Removed:
- [1276] Bohemia, Carinthia, Moravia,
Eger
After his defeat by Rudolf I of Habsburg, King of
the Romans, Otakar / Premysl (+1278) renounced the possession of Austria
(1276).
Austria came under the direct rule of King Rudolf
I, who then assigned his son Albrecht to govern the Duchy.
@ Samples [Governors]:
(July 1281) [2: p.126; Doc.#
64]
< Albert I (+1308), Count of Habsburg; Duke
of Austria and Styria 1282; King of the Romans 1298 >
Wir Albrecht von gots gnaden grof ze Habespurch
und ze Chyburch
Lantgrof von Elsazze
gewaltiger und gemainer verweser uber Osterrich
und uber Steyr
(Oct 1282) [2: p.129-130; Doc.#
66]
Nos Albertus dei gracia de Habspurch et de
Kiburch comes
lantgravius Alsacie
illustris domini Rudolfi Romanorum regis
primogenitus et
eiusdem per Austriam et Stiriam vicarius
generalis