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Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers


Last updated: Dec 12, 2019



England



Overview

In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England and became King of England.

In 1649, after the execution of King Charles I, a republic named the Commonwealth of England was established.

In 1653, Oliver Cromwell became a hereditary ruler of England with the title of Lord-Protector, thus de facto establishing a new form of monarchy in England known as the Protectorate.

In 1659, Lord-Protector Richard Cromwell resigned, and the Kingdom of England was restored.

By the Act of Union of 1707, it was decided that the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland should be united forever into one Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain






Bibliography.

1. Chaplais, Pierre. English Royal Documents. King John - Henry VI. 1199-1461 (Oxford : 1971).
2. Hughes, Paul L.; Larkin, James Francis. Tudor Royal Proclamations (New Haven : 1964-1969).
3. Monuments inédits l'histoire du Tiers État.
4. Œuvres de Froissart, publiées avec les variantes des divers manuscrits (Brussels : 1867-1877; Reprint. Osnabrück : Biblio Verlag, 1967).
5. Lee, Guy Carleton. Source-Book of English History, leading documents, together with illustrative material from contemporary writers and a bibliography of sources (New York : H. Holt, 1900).
6. Dugdale, William. Monasticon Anglicanum.
7. Stubbs, William. Select Charters and other Illustrations of English Constitutional History ... (Oxford : 1921).
8. Archives historiques du département de la Gironde (Bordeaux : 1859-).
9. Stubbs, William. Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I (London : Longman, 1864-) [Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores].
10. Delisle, Léopold; Arbois de Jubainville, Henry d'. Recueil des actes de Henri II, roi d'Angleterre et duc de Normandie, concernant les provinces françaises et les affaires de France (1909).
11. Res Polonicae ex Archivo Regni Daniae (Romae : Institutum Historicum Polonicum, 1964-1972) [Elementa ad Fontium Editiones].
12. Vallée, Eugène. Cartulaire de Chateau-du-Loir (Mans : 1905) [Archives Historique du Maine; tome VI].
13. Bulletin de la Société archéologique de Nantes et du département de la Loire-inférieure.
14. The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland / Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum (Edinburgh : H.M. General Register House, 1883-1914).
15. Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum in archivis publicis asservatum. 1306-1424 (London : 1814).
16. Macphail, James Robert Nicolson. The Highland papers (Edinburgh : University Press, 1916).
17. Fraser, William, Sir. The Lennox (Edinburgh : Constable, 1874).
18. Diplomatarium Norvegicum (Christiania : P.T. Malling, 1847-).
19. Dickinson, William Croft; Donaldson, Gordon, Milne, Isabel A. A source book of Scottish history (London; New York : Nelson, 1958).
20. Foedera, conventions, litterae et conjuscunque generis acta publica (London : Record Commission, 1816-1869; New edition by ed. Adam Clarke, Frederick Holbrook and John Caley; 4 vols in 7 parts, 1069-1383).
21. Rymer, Thomas; Holmes, George. Foedera, conventions, litterae, et cujuscumque generic acta publica inter reges Angliae et alios quosvis imperatores, reges, pontifices, principes, vel communitates. 1101-1654 (London : Tonson, 1727-1729; 2nd ed., 17 vols).
22. Merlet, Lucien. Cartulaire de l'abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité de Tiron (Chartres : Garnier, 1883).
23. Gilbert, John T. Historic and municipal documents of Ireland, A. D. 1172-1320: from the archives of the city of Dublin, etc. (Doetinchem : Microlibrary Slangenburg Abbey, Reprod. de l'éd. de, London : Longmans : Green, 1870) [Rerum britannicarum medii aevi scriptores, or chronicles and memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages; 53].
24. Diplomatarium Danicum (København).
25. Journal of the House of Commons.
26. A collection of declarations, proclamations, and other valuable papers (Edinburgh : 1749).
27. Mackenzie. History of Galloway.
28. State Tracts (London : Richard Baldwin, 1692).
29. Dumont, Jean. Nouveau recueil de traitez, d'alliance, de treve, de paix, de garantie, et de commerce (Amsterdam : François l'Honoré, 1710).
30. Journal of the House of Lords (1802-).
31. Harrison, William. The old historians of the Isle of Man (Douglas, Isle of Man : 1871) [The Manx Society, vol. XVIII].
32. Monier-Williams, M.F. Records of the Worshipful Company of Tallow Chandlers, London (London : the Chiswick Press, 1897).
33. Fraser, William. The Melvilles Earls of Melville and the Leslies Earls of Leven (Edinburgh : 1890).
34. Burnet, Gilbert; Nares, Edward. The history of the reformation of the Church of England (New York, Philadelphia : Appleton, 1843).
35. Archaeologia aeliana, or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity (Newcastle-upon-Tyne).
36. Records of the borough of Nottingham, being a series of extracts from the archives of the Corporation of Nottingham (1882-)
37. Russell , Michael. Life of Oliver Cromwell (New York : Harper & Brothers, 1838-1839).
38. Marsden, Reginald Godfrey. Reports of cases determined by the High court of admiralty and upon appeal therefrom (London : W. Clowes & Sons, 1885).
39. Letters, illustrative of public affairs in Scotland, addressed by contemporary statesmen to George, Earl of Aberdeen (Aberdeen : Spalding Club, 1851).
40. Bigelow, Melville Madison. Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases From William I to Richard I, Preserved in Historical Records (London : S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1879).
41. Schöpflin, Johann Daniel. Historia Zaringo Badensis (Karlsruhe : 1763-1766).






Geographical names.

Anjou -> Andegavia (in France);
Aquitaine-> Aquitania (in France).
England -> Anglia; Angleterre.
Ireland -> Hibernia; Éire.






Chistian (First) names.

Charles -> Carolus;
Henry -> Henricus.
James -> Jacobus.
John -> Johannes.
Stephen -> Stephanus.
William -> Guillelmus.






--- 1066-1154

King of the English;

@ Samples:

(1076) [40: p.13]
< William I "the Conqueror" (+1087), Duke of Normandy 1035; King of England 1066 >
Willelmus, Dei gratia rex Anglorum

< William II "the Rufus" (+1100), King of England 1087 >

(Aug 1100) [7: p.116-117]
< Henry I "the Beauclerc" (+1135), King of England 1100 >
Henricus rex Anglorum

(1122) [40: p.119-120]
Henricus rex Anglorum

(1135) [7: p.142]
< Stephen of Blois (+1154), King of England 1135; ~ 1125 Matilde (+1151), Countess of Boulogne-sur-Mer >
Stephanus Dei gratia rex Anglorum

(1148) [40: p.159]
Stephanus rex Anglorum






>>> --- ( Mathilde )

@ Samples:

(ca.1127) [22: vol.1; p.109; Doc.# LXXXVIII]
< Mathilde (+1167/69), daughter of King Henry I; the ruler of England; ~ (1) 1114 Henry V (+1125), the Roman Emperor; ~(2) 1127 Geoffrey V (+1151), Count of Anjou >
Matildis imperatrix,
H. regis filia et
Anglorum domina






--- 1154-1199

King of England;
Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine;
Count of Anjou;

@ Added:

- [1154] Normandy, Aquitaine, Anjou
Henry, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, became King of England after King Stephen's death (1154).

@ Samples:

(Jan 1156) [6: vol.6, pt.2, p.639]
< Henry II (+1189), Duke of Normandy, of Aquitaine; Count of Anjou; King of England 1154 >
Henricus, Rex Angliae &
Dux Normanorum et Aquitaniae &
Comes Andegaviae

(July 1177) [12: p.50; Doc.# 85]
Henricus, Dei gratia rex Angliae,
dux Normaniae et Aquitaniae,
comes Andegavensis

(1185) [10: tome 2; p.262]
Henricus, Dei gratia rex Anglorum, et
dux Normannorum et Aquitanorum, et
comes Andegavorum

(Apr 1197) [9: volume II (1865); p.549; Doc.# DLXVIII]
< Richard I "the Lionheart" (+1199), King of England 1189 >
Ricardus, Dei gratia, rex Angliæ,
dux Normanniæ et Aquitanniæ, et
comes Andegaviæ

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(1185) [23: p.49; Doc.# IV]
< John "the Lackland" (+1216), Lord of Ireland; Count of Mortain; King of England 1199 >
Iohannes, filius domini regis Anglie, et
dominus Hybernie

(May 1192) [23: p.51; Doc.# VI]
Iohannes, dominus Hibernie,
comes Moretonie






>>> --- 1170-1183 ( Henry "the Junior" )

Notes.
1. In 1170, Henry II, King of England, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, made his son Henry co-ruler in England, Normandy and Anjou.

King of England;
Duke of Normandy;
Count of Anjou;

@ Samples:

(1171) [10: tome 1; p.254]
< Henry "the Junior" (+1183), Co-King of England 1170 >
H., rex Angl.,
dux Norm. et
comes Andeg.,
regis H. filius

(1175) [10: tome 1; p.258]
H., Dei gratia rex Angl.,
dux Norm. et
comes Andeg.,
Henrici regis filius

(1178) [10: tome 1; p.263]
H., Dei gratia rex Angl. et
dux Norm. et
comes Andeg.,
Henrici regis filius






--- 1199-1259

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;
Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine;
Count of Anjou;

@ Added:

- [1199] Ireland
John, who was made Lord of Ireland by his father, King Henry II, in 1185, succeeded in England (1199).

@ Samples:

(1200) [23: p.57; Doc.# IX]
< John "the Lackland" (+1216), Lord of Ireland 1185; King of England 1199 >
Johannes Dei gratia rex Anglie,
dominus Hybernie,
dux Normannie et Aquitanie,
comes Andegauie

(Dec 1219) [1: p.55; Doc.# 2a]
< Henry III (+1272), King of England 1216 >
H. dei gratia Rex anglie,
Dominus Hibernie,
dux Normannie, Aquitannie et
Comes Andegauie

(1229) [23: p.93; Doc.# XXVI]
Henricus, Dei gratia rex Anglie,
dominus Hibernie,
dux Normannie et Aquitanie,
comes Andegavie

(1253) [23: p.132; Doc.# XLIV]
Henricus, Dei gratia rex Anglie,
dominus Hibernie,
dux Normannie, Aquitanie et
comes Andegavie






--- 1259-1325

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;
Duke of Aquitaine;

@ Removed:

- [1259] Normandy, Anjou
By the Treaty of Paris King Henry III gave up all claims to Normandy, Anjou, and other Angevin possessions in France lost in the first years of the 13th century (1259).

@ Samples:

(1261) [20: volume 1; p.402]
< Henry III (+1272), King of England 1216 >
Henri par la grace de Deu Rei Dengleterre,
seigneur Dirland, e
duc Daquitayne

(Dec 1265) [1: p.57; Doc.# 4b]
Henricus, dei gracia Rex Anglie
Dominus Hibernie et
Dux Aquitannie

(Apr 1282) [1: p.58; Doc.# 5c]
< Edward I (+1307), King of England 1272; Duke of Aquitaine [1272-1306] >
Edwardus, dei gracia Rex Anglie
Dominus Hibernie et
Dux Aquitannie

(Oct 1305) [20: volume 1; p.974]
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi d’Angleterre,
seigneur d’Irlaund, &
ducs d’Aquitanne






--- 1306-1307






--- 1307-1325

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;
Duke of Aquitaine;

@ Samples:

(Feb 1310) [20: volume 2; p.104]
< Edward II (+1327), Duke of Aquitaine [1306-1325]; King of England [1307-1327] >
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi d’Engleterre,
seigneur d'Irland, &
ducs d’Aquitaine

(Apr 1314) [1: p.62; Doc.# 9c]
Edwardus, dei gracia Rex Anglie
Dominus Hibernie et
Dux Aquitannie

(Feb 1320) [1: p.63; Doc.# 10c]
Edwardus, dei gracia Rex Anglie
Dominus Hibernie et
Dux Aquitannie

(June 1325) [20: volume 2; p.601]
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi Dengleterre,
seigneur Dirlaunde, &
ducs Daquit’

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(1272) [20: volume 1; p.495]
< Edward I (+1307), King of England 1272 >
Nus Edward, einsne filz au noble Rey d’Engletere






--- 1325-1327

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Removed:

- Aquitaine
King Edward II ceded Aquitaine to his son Edward (1325).

@ Samples:

(June 1326) [20: volume 2; p.630]
< Edward II (+1327), King of England 1307 >
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi d’Engleterre &
seigneur d’Irland

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Oct 1326) [20: volume 2; p.645]
< Isabelle (+1358), daughter of Philip IV, King of France; Countess of Ponthieu; ~ 1308 Edward II (+1327), King of England; with her son Edward III (+1377), Duke of Aquitaine 1325; King of England 1327 >
Isabelle, par la grace de Dieu, Reyne d’Engleterre,
dame d’Irlande,
contesse de Pountiff; &
nous Edward, aisne fiz au noble Roy d’Engleterre,
duces de Guyenn,
counte de Cestre, de Pountyf, & Monstroyl






--- 1327-1339

@ Samples:

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;
Duke of Aquitaine;

@ Added:

- [1327] Aquitaine
Edward, Duke of Aquitaine, succeeded in England after his father Edward II's abdication (1327).

@ Samples:

(May 1328) [20: volume 2; p.740]
< Edward III (+1377), King of England 1327 >
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi Dengleterre,
seigneur Dirlaunde, &
ducs Daquitayne

(Oct 1337) [1: p.66; Doc.# 13b]
Edwardus, dei gracia Rex Anglie
Dominus Hibernie et
Dux Aquitannie

(June 1338) [4: tome 18; p.56; Doc.# XXI]
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, roy d'Engletere,
seigneur d'Irlande, et
ducs d'Aquitaine

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Feb 1340) [20: volume 2; p.1111]
< Edward "the Black Prince"(+1376), the 1st son of King Edward III, Prince of Wales, of Aquitaine; Duke of Cornwal; Earl of Chester >
Edward, eisnez filz au noble Roi d'Engleterre,
duc de Cornewaille,
count de Cestre, &
gardeyn d'Engleterre






--- 1339-1360 ( Edward III )

King of England, France;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Added:

- France
King Edward III, maternal grandson of King Philip IV of France, advanced claims to the Crown of France.
Notes. In 1340, Edward III entered Flanders, which was a fief of France, and was proclaimed King of France there. The local authorities took oaths to Edward III as their King.

@ Removed:

- Aquitaine
Edward III as King of France included Aquitaine in the French royal domain.

@ Samples:

(Mar 1340, n.s.) [4: tome 18; p.129; Doc.# XXXIII]
< Edward III (+1377), King of England 1327 >
Edward par la grâce de Dieu roy d'Engleterre et de Ffraunce et
seigneur d'Irlande

(July 1355) [1: p.78; Doc.# 25e]
Edwardus Dei gracia rex Anglie et Francie et
dominus Hibernie

(1359) [21: volume 6; p.143]
Edwardus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ & Franciæ
Dominus Hiberniæ

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Oct 1354) [20: volume 3; p.285]
< Edward "the Black Prince"(+1376), son of King Edward III, Prince of Wales, of Aquitaine; Duke of Cornwal; Earl of Chester >
Edward, eisne filz au noble Roi d'Engleterre,
prince de Gales,
ducs de Cornewaill, &
conte de Cestre

(Feb 1357) [21: volume 6; p.2]
Edward, du Tresexcellent Seignour, par la Grace de Dieu, Roy d'Angleterre & de France, Fyux ainsnez,
Prince de Gales,
Duc de Cornowailhe, &
Comte de Cestre

(1358) [20: volume 3; p.400]
Edward, eisne filz au noble Roi d'Engleterre & de France,
prince de Gales, duc de Cornewaille,
counte de Cestre,
capitan & lieutenant de notre dit seignur et piere en le duche de Guynne






--- 1360-1369

King of England;
Lord of Ireland, Aquitaine;

@ Replaced:

- [1360] France with Aquitaine
King Edward III dropped his claims to the Crown of France, and John II, King of France, ceded him sovereignty over Aquitaine and Poitou by the Treaty of Brétigny (1360).

@ Samples:

(Oct 1360) [20: volume 3; p.523]
< Edward III (+1377), King of England 1327 >
Edward, par la grace de Dieu, Roi d'Engleterre,
seignur d'Irlaunde & d'Aquitain

(Jan 1363) [21: volume 6; p.400]
Edwardus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ,
Dominus Hiberniæ & Aquitaniæ

(Jan 1369) [21: volume 6; p.611]
Edwardus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ,
Dominus Hiberniæ & Aquitaniæ

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Nov 1367) [21: volume 6; p.557]
< John "of Gaunt" (+1399), the 3rd son of King Edward III of England; Earl of Richmond [1343-1372]; of Leicester, of Lincoln , of Derby, Duke of Lancaster, of Aquitaine; ~ (1) 1359 Blanche of Lancaster (+1369), daughter of Henry (+1356), Duke of Lancaster; ~ (2) 1371 Constance (+1394), titular Queen of Castile >
Johan, Filz du Noble Roy d'Engleterre,
Duc de Lancastre,
Conte de Richemond, de Derby, de Nicole & de Leycestre,
Seneschal d'Engleterre






--- 1369-1420

King of England, France;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Added:

- [1369] Aquitaine with France
King Edward III resumed the title of King of France after what he considered breaches of the Treaty of Brétigny by the French (1369).

@ Samples:

(June 1369) [21: volume 6; p.623]
< Edward III (+1377), King England 1327 >
Edwardus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ & Franciæ, &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(May 1378) [1: p.79; Doc.# 26c-d]
< Richard II (+1400), King England [1377-1399] >
Richard par la grace de Dieu roy Dengleterre et de France et
seignur Dirlande

(Nov 1399) [1: p.78; Doc.# 25c]
< Henry IV (+1413), King England 1399 >
Henricus dei gracia Rex Anglie et Francie et
Dominus Hibernie

(Feb 1418) [21: volume 9; p.545]
< Henry V (+1422), King 1413 >
Henri, par la Grace de Dieu Roi d'Engleterre & de France, &
Seignur d'Irlande

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(1383) [21: volume 7; p.418]
< John "of Gaunt" (+1399), son of King Edward III of England; Earl of Richmond [1343-1372]; of Leicester, of Lincoln, of Derby, Duke of Lancaster, of Aquitaine; ~ (1) 1359 Blanche of Lancaster (+1369), daughter of Henry (+1356), Duke of Lancaster; ~ (2) 1371 Constance (+1394), titular Queen of Castile >
Johan, par la grace de Dieu, Roi de Castille & de Leon,
Duc de Lancastre, &
Lieutenant de Monsieur le Roy es parties de Picardie

(Apr 1389) [21: volume 7; p.615]
Nous Johan, par la grace de Dieu, Fitz de Roy d'Engleterre,
Duc de Lancastre,
Conte de Leycestre, de Nicole, de Derby,
Seneschal d'Engleterre, &
Lieutenant en tour le Duchie d'Aquitain pur le Tresexcellent Sieur, le Roy d'Engleterre, & de France

(Oct 1398) [21: volume 8; p.49]
< Henry IV (+1413), Duke of Hereford 1397; King England 1399 >
Henricus de Lancastre, Dux Herefordiae

(May 1390) [21: volume 7; p.676]
< Thomas (+1397), son of Edward III, King of England;Duke of Gloucester 1386, Earl of Buckingham 1378 >
Nous Thomas, fitz au Roy,
Duc de Gloucestre,
Counte de Buckyngham & d'Essex,
Conestable d'Engleterre

(May 1412) [21: volume 8; p.743]
Henricus Illustris Regis Angliæ & Franciæ Primogenitus
Princeps Walliæ,
Dux Acquitaniæ, Lancastriæ & Cornubiæ, ac
Comes Cestriæ

(Feb 1413, n.s.) [21: volume 8; p.774]
< Thomas (+1421), son of King Henry IV of England; Duke of Clarence 1411; Earl of "Albemarle" (Aumale) 1412>
Thomas, Fitz de Roy d'Angleterre & de France,
Duc de Clarence,
Conte Daumarle,
Grant Senescal d'Engleterre,
Lieutenant d'Irland, & des Partes de Pardessa, pur nostre dit Tresredoubte & Tressouverin Seigneur & Pere

(Mar 1413) [8: tome 16 (1878); p.101; Doc. # LXX]
Thomas, filz de roy d'Angleterre et de France,
duc de Clarence,
conte d'Oumarle,
grant seneschal d'Angleterre,
lieutenant de Guienne, de Yrlande et dez partiez de part de cea






--- 1420-1422

King of England;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Removed:

- [1420] France
By the Treaty of Troyes King Charles VI of France disinherited his son Charles (VII) and declared that Henry V, King of England would be his heir in France. Henry V married Charles VI's daughter and dropped the title of King of France (1420).

@ Samples:

(June 1420) [21: volume 9; p.911]
< Henry V (+1422), King England 1413; Regent of France 1420-1422 >
Henricus Dei gratiâ Rex Angliæ
Hæres & Regens Regni Franciæ &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Mar 1421) [21: volume 10; p.92]
Henricus Dei gratiâ Rex Angliæ
Hæres & Regens Regni Franciæ &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(July 1421) [8: tome 16 (1878); p.63; Doc. # XLIII] < for Aquitaine >
Henricus, Dei gratia, rex Anglie,
heres et regens regni Francie et
dominus Hibernie






--- 1422-1521

King of England, France;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Added:

- [1422] France
King Henry VI succeeded his maternal grandfather, Charles VI, in France (1422).

@ Samples:

(Nov 1422) [21: volume 10; p.257]
< Henry VI (+1471), King of England [1422-1461; 1470-1471] >
Henricus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ & Franciæ &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Nov 1444) [21: volume 11; p.75]
Henry, by the Grace of God, Kynge of England, and of France, and
Lord of Irlande

(Aug 1463) [21: vol.11; p.507]
< Edward IV (+1483); Duke of York 1460; King of England [1461-1470; 1471-1483] >
Edwardus Dei gratiâ Rex Angliæ & Franciæ, &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Feb 1471) [21: volume 11; p.693]
< Henry VI (+1471), King England [1422-1461; 1470-1471] >
Henry, by the Grace of God, King of England and of Fraunce, and
Lorde of Irlande
+
the XLIX yere from the Begynyng of oure Reigne, and of the Readeption of our Roial Powerr the Furst yere

(June 1483) [21: volume 12; p.185]
< Edward V (+1483), King of England [1483-1483] >
Edward, by the Grace of God, King of England and of Fraunce, and
Lord of Irland

(Feb 1484, n.s.) [21: volume 12; p.211]
< Richard III (+1485), King of England 1483 >
Ricardus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ & Franciæ, &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Nov 1486) [21: volume 12; p.317]
< Henry VII (+1509), King of England 1485 >
Henricus, Dei gratiâ, Rex Angliæ & Franciæ, &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Apr 1516) [21: volume 13; p.547]
< Henry VIII (+1547), King of England 1509 >
Henry, by the Grace of God, King of England and of France, and
Lord of Ireland

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Oct 1434) [13: tome 2; p.44]
< John (+1435), son of King Henry IV; Regent of France 1422; Duke of Bedford (May 1414), of Anjou; Earl of Kendal (May 1414), of Richmond (Nov 1414); Count of Maine 1424, of Harcourt >
Jehan, gouvernant et regent le royaume de France,
duc de Bedford et d'Anjou,
conte du Maine, de Richemond, de Kendalle et de Harecourt

(May 1479) [21: volume 12; p.109]
< Richard (+ ? 1483), the 2nd son of King Edward IV; Duke of York >
Ricardus Secundus Filius Illustrissimi Principis Edwardi Quatri, Dei gratiâ Regis Angliæ & Franciæ, &
Domini Hiberniæ,
Dux Eborum & Norffolciæ,
Comes Warrenæ, Surriæ, & Notinghamiæ,
Comes Marescalus & Marescallus Angliæ, ac
Dominus de Segrave, de Mowbray, & de Gower

(Mar 1500, n.s) [21: volume 12; p.780]
< Arthur (+1502), Prince of Wales; the 1st son of King Henry VII >
Arthurus, Illustrissimi Principis & Domini Domini Henrici, Dei gratia, Regis Angliæ & Franciæ & Domini Hiberniæ Primogenitus,
Princeps Walliæ,
Dux Cornubiæ &
Comes Cestriæ






--- 1521-1542

Notes.
In 1521, Pope Leo X conferred on King Henry VIII the title "Defender of the Faith" ("Fidei Defensor").
In 1544, the Parliament of England recognized the title "Defender of the Faith".


King of England, France;
Lord of Ireland;

@ Samples:

(Nov 1526) [21: volume 14; p.181]
< Henry VIII (+1547), King of England 1509 >
Henricus Octavus, Dei gratiâ, Angliæ & Franciæ Rex,
Fidei Defensor &
Dominus Hiberniæ

(Mar 1540) [21: volume 14; p.653]
Henry the Eight, by the Grace of God, Kynge of Englond and of Fraunce,
Defensour of the Fayth,
Lord of Irelond, and
in the Earth Supreme Hed of the Church of Englond






--- 1542-1554

King of England, France, Ireland;

@ Replaced:

- [1542] Ireland (Lordship) with Ireland (Kingdom)
King Henry VIII declared himself King of Ireland (1542).

@ Samples:

(Jan 1542) [30: vol.1; p.168]
< Henry VIII (+1547), King of England 1509 >
Henricus Octavus, Dei Gratia, Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie Rex,
Fidei Defensor, et
in Terra Ecclesie Anglicane atque Hibernie Supremum Caput

(Nov 1547) [30: vol.1; p.293]
< Edward VI (+1553), King of England 1547 >
Edwarde the Sixth, by the Grace of God, King of Englande, France, and Irelande,
Defender of the Faith, and
of the Church of Englande, and also of Irelande, in Earth the Supreme Head

(July 10, 1553) [34: volume IV; p.326]
< Jane (+ Dec 1554), Queen of England [ July 1553-July 1553 ]; daughter of Henry Grey (+1554), Marquess of Dorset; ~ May 1553 Guilford Dudley (+1554) ; >
Jane, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France, and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, and
of the Church of England, and also of Ireland, under Christ in Earth the Suprema Head

(Apr 1554) [30: vol.1; p.448]
< Mary I (+1558), Queen of England 1553; ~ 1554 Philip II (+1598), King of Naples 1554, of Spain 1556 >
Maria, Dei Gratia, Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie Regina,
Fidei Defensor






--- 1554-1556 ( Mary I & Philip [ as II in Spain ] )

King of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, Ireland;
Archduke of Austria;
Duke of Milan, Burgundy, Brabant;
Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol;

@ Added:

- [1554] Naples, Jerusalem, Austria, Milan, Burgundy, Brabant, Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol
Queen Mary I married Philip of Austria, King of Naples and Duke of Milan (1554).
Note. Philip received the Kingdom of Naples from his father Emperor Charles V before the marriage.

@ Samples:

(July 1554) [2:]
< Mary I (+1558), Queen of England 1553; ~ 1554 Philip II (+1598), King of Naples 1554, of Spain 1556 >
Philip and Mary by the grace of God King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland;
Defenders of the Faith;
Princes of Spain and Sicily;
Archdukes of Austria;
Dukes of Milan, Burgundy, and Brabant;
Counts of Hapsburg, Flanders, and Tyrol

(Oct 1554) [30: vol.1; p.466]
Philippus et Maria, Dei Gratia, Rex et Regina Anglie, Francie, Neapolis, Jerusalem, et Hibernie,
Fidei Defensores,
Principes Hispaniarum et Cicilie,
Archiduces Austrie,
Duces Mediolani, Burgundie, et Brabantie,
Comites Haspurgi, Flandrie, et Tirolis

(Nov 1554) [30: vol.1; p.465]
Philippus et Maria, Dei Gratia, Rex et Regina Anglie, Francie, Neapolis, Jerusalem, et Hibernie,
Fidei Defensores;
Principes Hispaniarum et Cicilie,
Archiduces Austrie,
Duces Mediolani, Burgundie, et Brabantie,
Comites Haspurgi, Flandrie, et Tirolis
+
Annis Regnorum Nostrorum Primo et Secundo






--- 1556-1558 ( Mary I & Philip [ as II in Spain ] )

King of England, Spain, France, both Sicilies, Jerusalem, Ireland;
Archduke of Austria;
Duke of Milan, Burgundy, Brabant;
Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol;

@ Replaced:

- [1556] "Naples" with Spain, "both Sicilies"
Philip, husband of Queen Mary I, inherited Spain and Sicily after the abdication of his father Charles (1556).

@ Samples:

(June 1558) [32: p.44]
< Mary I (+1558), Queen of England 1553; ~ 1554 Philip II (+1598), King of Naples 1554, of Spain 1556 >
Philippus et Maria, Dei Gratia Rex et Regina Anglie Hispaniarum Francie utriusque Sicilie Jerusalem et Hibernie
fidei defensores
Archiduces Austrie
Duces Burgundie Mediolani Brabancie
Comites Haspurgi Flandrie et Tirolis






--- 1558-1603 ( Elizabeth I )

King of England, France, Ireland;

@ Removed:

- [1558] Spain, both Sicilies, Jerusalem, Austria, Milan, Burgundy, Brabant, Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol
The personal union of England with Spain, Naples, Sicily, Milan, the Low Countries, etc. ended with Queen Mary I’s death. Her husband Philip II, King of Spain, etc. dropped the title of King of England (1558).

@ Samples:

(Jan 1559) [30: vol.1; p.542]
< Elizabeth I (+1603), Queen of England 1558 >
Elizabetha, Dei Gratia, Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie Regina,
Fidei Defensor, etc.

(Nov 1577) [30: vol.1; p.756]
Elizabetha, Dei Gratia, Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie Regina,
Fidei Defensor, etc.

(May 1594) [21: volume 16; p.241]
Elizabeth, by the Grace of God, Queene of England, Fraunce and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith &c.

(Jan 1603) [21: volume 16; p.489]
Elizabeth, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland,
Defendor of the Faith &c.






--- 1603-1648 ( James I; Charles I )

-- the 1st form

King of England, Scotland, France, Ireland;

@ Added:

- [1603] Scotland
James VI, King of Scotland, succeeded Queen Elizabeth I in England (1603).

@ Samples:

(June 1603) [21: volume 16; p.518]
< James I (+1625), King of Scotland 1567, of England 1603 >
Jacobus, Dei Gratiâ Angliæ, Scotiæ, Franciæ, & Hiberniæ Rex,
Fidei Defensor, &c.

(May 1621) [30: vol.3; p.103]
James, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c.

(Dec 1626) [36: volume V; p.2; Doc.# I]
Carolus, Dei gratia Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae, et Hiberniae Rex,
Fidei Defensor, etc.

(Aug 1645) [36: volume V; p.26; Doc.# VII]
Carolus, Dei gratia Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae et Hiberniae Rex,
Fidei Defensor, etc.,


-- the 2nd form

King of Great Britain, France, Ireland;

@ Samples:

(Sep 1604) [11: part 5; p.258]
< James I (+1625), King of Scotland 1567, of England 1603 >
Iacobus, Dei gratia Magnae Britanniae, Franciae et Hiberniae Rex,
fidei defensor

(July 1608) [21: volume 16; p.671]
Jaques, par la Grace de Dieu, Roy de la Grand Bretaigne, France & Irelande &c.
Defenseur de la Foy &c.

(Oct 1626) [41: tomus VII (1766); p.183; Doc.# DVI]
< Charles I (+1649), King of England [1625-1648] >
Carolus Dei gratia Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ & Hyberniae Rex,
Fidei Defensor &c.

(Jan 1646) [35: volume II (1832); p.93; Doc.# III.II]
Carolus dei gratia Magnæ Brittaniæ Franciæ et Hiberniæ Rex
fidei defensor, &c.

@ Samples [Auxiliary]:

(Nov 1605) [21: volume 16; p.606]
< Charles (+1649), Marquess of Ormonde & Duke of Albany 1600; Duke of York 1605; Price of Wales & Earl of Chester 1610; King of England & Scotland (Charles I) [1625-1648] >
Præcharissimum Nobis Filium, Carolum Ducem Albaniæ,
Marchionem Ormondiæ,
Comitem Rossiæ, &
Dominum de Ardmannoche,
Secundogenitum nostrum
...
in Ducem Eborum erigimus creamus præficimus ...






--- 1648-1653 ( Interregnum )

Notes.
1. In 1649 the English traditional monarchy was abolished in England. King Charles I was deposed and executed after he lost the civil war with the forces of Parliament.






--- 1653-1660 ( The Protectorate )

Notes.
In 1653, Oliver Cromwell became a hereditary ruler of England with the title of Lord-Protector, thus de facto establishing a new form of monarchy in England known as the Protectorate.


Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and the dominions thereto belonging;

@ Samples:

(July 1658) [37: volume II ; p.271; Note H]
< Oliver Cromwell (+1658), Lord-Protector of England 1653 >
Oliver, by the grace of God Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions and territories thereunto belonging

(Oct 1658) [38: vol.I; p.340]
< Richard Cromwell (+1712), Lord-Protector of England [1658-1659] >
Richard, by the grace of God, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions and territories thereunto belonging






--- 1660-1707

Notes.
After Oliver Cromwell's death his son Richard succeeded him, but in 1660 the English traditional monarchy was restored, and Charles II, Charles I's son, ascended to his father's throne.

-- the 1st form

King of England, Scotland, France, Ireland;

@ Samples:

(May 1660) [30: vol.11; p.46]
< Charles II (+1685), King of England 1660 >
Charles, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c.

(Aug 1685) [30: vol.14; p.72]
< James II (+1701), King of England [1685-1688] >
James the Second, by the Grace of God, King of Engl'd, Scotland, France, and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c.

(Oct 1692) [36: volume V; p.84; Doc.# XIII]
< William III (+1702),Prince of Orange; King of England 1689; ~ 1677 Mary II (+1694), Queen of England 1689 >
Gulielmus et Maria, Dei gratia, Angliae, Scotiae, Franciae et Hiberniae Rex et Regina,
Fidei Defensores, etc.

(Mar 1702) [30: vol.17; p.61]
William the Third, by the Grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King,
Defender of the Faith &c.


-- the 2nd form

King of Great Britain, France, Ireland;

@ Samples:

(Nov 1681) [39: Appendix; p.170; Doc.# B]
< Charles II (+1685), King of England 1660 >
Carolus Dei gratia Magnæ Britanniæ Franciæ et Hiberniæ Rex
Fideique Defensor

(Dec 1689) [29: tome I; p.273]
< William III (+1702),Prince of Orange; King of England 1689; ~ 1677 Mary II (+1694), Queen of England 1689 >
Guillelmus Tertius, Dei gratia Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ & Hiberniæ Rex,
Fidei Defensor









Appendix 1. Wales

@ Samples:

(May 1404) [21: volume 8; p.356]
< Owain Glyndwr (+ c. 1416), Lord of Glyndyfrdwy; Prince of Wales 1400 >
Owinus, Dei Gratiâ, Princeps Walliæ















Appendix 2. The Isle of Man

@ Samples:

(Mar 1505) [31: p.146]
< Thomas (+1521) King of Man, Earl of Derby & Lord Stanley 1504 >
Thomas, Dei gratia Rex Manniæ, et insularum;
Comes Derbei, et
Dominus Stanley