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Main Page: Titles of European hereditary rulers
Last updated: Aug 29,
2016
Luxembourg /
Lëtzebuerg
Part III. Since 1814.
Overview.
In 1798, by the Treaty of Campo Formio, Emperor
Francis II ceded the Southern Low Countries and Luxembourg to
France.
The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) assigned
Luxembourg to William I, King of the Netherlands.
In 1830, much of the population of Luxembourg
joined the Belgian revolution against Dutch rule. Except for the fortress and
its immediate vicinity Luxembourg became a part of the new Belgian state from
1830 to 1839.
1839, by the Treaty of London, Luxembourg was
re-established as Grand Duchy in personal union with the Kingdom of the
Netherlands. Luxembourg lost two-thirds of its territory to
Belgium.
In 1815-1866, Luxembourg was a member of the
German Confederation (Deutsche Bund).
The union of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and
the Kingdom of the Netherlands ended with the death of King - Grand Duke William
III (+1890), the last male representative of the Dillenburg-Dietz branch of the
House of Nassau; the Grand Duchy passed to Adolphus (+1905), the former Duke of
Nassau, and the Head of the Weilburg branch of the House.
In May 1940, German troops occupied Luxembourg,
and the Government of Luxembourg and Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg,
went into exile.
In August 1942, Luxembourg was officially annexed
to Germany.
In September 1944, American troops liberated
Luxembourg.
In December 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge
(Rundstedt Offensive), German troops reoccupied the Northern part of Luxembourg,
but they were driven out of Luxembourg again in January 1945. The independence
of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was restored.
Bibliography.
1. Almanach de Gotha (Gotha, 1763-1944).
2. Pasinomie luxembourgeoise (Luxembourg : Impr.
de la Cour Victor Buck).
3. Mémorial / Mémorial
administratif du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg = Verwaltungs-Memorial des
Gross-Herzogthums Lutzemburg / Mémorial Journal Officiel du
Grand-Duché de Luxembourg = Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg
/ Mémorial législatif et administratif du Grand-Duché de
Luxembourg = Verwaltungs- und Verordnungsblatt des Großherzogthums
Luxemburg (Luxembourg).
4. Journal officiel du Gouvernement de la
Belgique (Bruxelles : Weissenbruch, 1814-).
5. Bulletin officiel des lois et
arrêtés royaux de la Belgique = Staetsblad der wetten en
koninklyjke besluiten van België, 1831-1845; Recueil des lois et
arrêtés royaux de Belgique = Verzameling der wetten en koninklijke
besluiten van België, 1845-1961; Recueil des lois et arrêtés =
Verzameling der wetten en besluiten, 1962-1972; Recueil des lois,
décrets, et arrêtés = Verzameling der wetten, decreten, en
besluiten, 1973-1991; Recueil des lois, décrets, ordonnances et
règlements = Verzameling der wetten, decreten, ordonnanties en
verordeningen, 1991- (Bruxelles : 1830-).
6. Nahmer, Wilhelm von der: Entwicklung
der Territorial- und Verfassungs- Verhältnisse der deutschen Staaten an
beiden Usern des Rheins (Frankfurt am Main : Sauerländer,
1832).
Geographical names.
Luxembourg -> Luxemburg; Lutzenburg;
Lëtzebuerg;
Netherlands -> Niederlande;
Pays-Bas;
Orange -> Oranien; Oranje (in
France);
Christian (First) names.
Henry -> Henricus; Heinrich;
Henri;
John -> Johannes; Johann;
Jean;
William -> Guillelmus; Wilhelm;
Guillaume;
--- 1795-1815 ( Interregnum: the annexation to France
)
--- 1815-1815
King of the Netherlands;
Prince of Orange, Nassau;
Duke of Luxembourg;
@ Samples:
(Mar 1815) [4: tome V (1815); p.2-3; Doc.#
1]
< William I (+1843), Prince (King 1815) of
the Netherlands [1813-1840]; Grand Duke of Luxemburg [1815-1840]
>
Nous Guillaume, par la grace de Dieu. Roi des
Pays-Bas,
Prince d'Orange-Nassau,
Duc de Luxembourg, &c. &c.
&c.
(May 1815) [4: tome V (1815); p.144-157; Doc.#
337]
Nous Guillaume, par la grace de Dieu. Roi des
Pays-Bas,
Prince d'Orange-Nassau,
Duc de Luxembourg, &c. &c.
&c.
--- 1815-1890
King of the Netherlands;
Prince of Orange, Nassau;
Grand Duke of Luxembourg;
@Replaced:
- [1815] Luxembourg (Duchy) with
Luxembourg (Grand Duchy)
The Congress of Vienna erected Luxembourg to the
rank of Grand Duchy (1815).
@ Samples:
(Sep 1816) [3: Jahr 1816; Hälfte /
sémestre II; Nr. 19; 14 octobre 1816; p.224-229]
< William I (+1843), Prince (King 1815) of
the Netherlands [1813-1840]; Grand Duke of Luxemburg [1815-1840]
>
Nous Guillaume, par la grace de Dieu. Roi des
Pays-Bas,
Prince d'Orange-Nassau,
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg, &c. &c.
&c.
+
Wir Wilhelm, durch die Gnade Gottes, König
der Niederlande,
Prinz von Oranien-Nassau,
Groß-Herzog von Lützemburg, zc., zc.,
zc.
(Sep 1841) [3: Jahr 1841; Nr. 46;
p.345]
< William II (+1849), King of the
Netherlands & Grand Duke of Luxemburg 1840 >
Wir Wilhelm II, von Gottes Gnaden König der
Niederlande,
Prinz von Oranien-Nassau,
Großherzog von Luxemburg, zc., zc.,
zc.
+
Nous Guillaume II, par la grâce de Dieu.
Roi des Pays-Bas,
Prince d'Orange-Nassau,
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg, etc. etc.
etc.
(Dec 1883) [3: Nr. 62; 29 décembre 1883;
p.637]
< William III (+1890), King of the
Netherlands & Grand Duke of Luxemburg 1849 >
Nous Guillaume III, par la grâce de Dieu.
Roi des Pays-Bas,
Prince d'Orange-Nassau,
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg, etc. etc.
etc.
+
Wir Wilhelm III, von Gottes Gnaden König der
Niederlande,
Prinz von Oranien-Nassau,
Großherzog von Luxemburg, zc., zc.,
zc.
--- 1890-1940
-- the Full form
Grand Duke of Luxembourg;
Duke of Nassau;
Count Palatine of the Rhine,
Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen,
Diez;
Burgrave of Hammerstein;
Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg,
Eppstein;
@ Replaced:
-[1890] the Netherlands, Orange, Nassau
(Principality) with Nassau (Duchy), the Rhine,
Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen, Diez,
Hammerstein, Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg,
Eppstein
After the death of William III, the branch of
Otto of the House of Nassau became extinct in the male line, and the union of
Luxembourg with the Kingdom Netherlands ended. The Crown of Luxembourg passed to
Adolph, a representative of the branch of Walram (Nassau-Weilburg) of the House
of Nassau (1890).
Note. Adolphus ruled in the Duchy of Nassau until
Prussia annexed his possessions in 1866.
@ Samples [Auxiliary]:
(Feb 1804) [6: p.624f]
< Frederick-William (+ Jan 1816), Prince of
Nassau in Weilburg 1788 >
Wir Friedrich Wilhelm von Gottes Gnaden
Fürst zu Nassau,
Pfalzgraf bey Rhein,
Graf zu Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen und
Dietz,
Burggraf zu Hammerstein,
Herr zu Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Mehrenberg,
Limburg und Eppstein &c. &c.
Des Königlich Dänischen Elephanten
Ordens Ritter &c. &c.
(Oct 1844) [5: 1844; partie I; No.64; 25 janvier
1845; p.628]
< Adolph (+1905), Duke of Nassau
[1839-1866]; Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1890 >
Wir Adolph von Gottes Gnaden Herzog zu Nassau,
Pfalzgraf bei Rhein,
Graf zu Sayn, Kœnigstein, Catzenelnbogen und
Diez,
Burggraf zu Hammerstein,
Herr zu Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg,
Limburg und Eppstein, etc.
-- the Short form
Grand Duke of Luxembourg;
Duke of Nassau;
@ Samples:
(Mar 1892) [3: Nr.17; 31 mars 1892;
p.137]
< Adolphus (+1905), Duke of Nassau
[1839-1866]; Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1890 >
Nous Adolphe, par la grâce de Dieu,
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg,
Duc de Nassau,etc., etc., etc.
+
Wir Adolph, von Gottes Gnaden
Großherzog
von Luxemburg, Herzog zu Nassau, zc., zc.,
zc.
(July 1907) [3: Nr.37; 11 juillet 1907;
p.441]
Nous Guillaume, par la grâce de Dieu,
Grand-Duc de Luxembourg,
Duc de Nassau, etc., etc., etc.
+
Wir Wilhelm, von Gottes Gnaden
Großherzog
von Luxemburg, Herzog zu Nassau, zc., zc.,
zc.
(Nov 1915) [3: Nr.92; 7 novembre 1915;
p.1009]
< Mary-Adelaide (+1924), Grand Duchess of
Luxembourg [1912-1919] >
Nous Marie-Adélaide, par la grâce de
Dieu, Grande-Duchesse de Luxembourg,
Duchesse de Nassau etc., etc.,
etc.
+
Wir Wir Maria Adelheid, von Gottes Gnaden
Großherzogin von Luxemburg,
Herzogin zu Nassau, zc., zc.,
zc.
(Mar 1936) [3: Nr.25; 6 avril 1936;
p.261]
< Charlotte (+1985), Grand Duchess of
Luxembourg [1919-1964] >
Nous Charlotte, par la grâce de Dieu,
Grande- Duchesse de Luxembourg,
Duchesse de Nassau, etc., etc.,
etc.
+
Wir Charlotte, von Gottes Gnaden
Großherzogin von Luxemburg,
Herzogin zu Nassau, zc., zc.,
zc.
-- the Full form
Grand Duke of Luxembourg;
Duke of Nassau;
Count Palatine of the Rhine,
Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen,
Diez;
Burgrave of Hammerstein;
Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg,
Eppstein;
@ Replaced:
-[1890] the Netherlands, Orange, "Prince
of Nassau" with "Duke of Nassau", the Rhine,
Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen, Diez,
Hammerstein, Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg,
Eppstein
With the death of Grand Duke William III, the
last male representative of the branch of Otto of the House of Nassau,
Luxembourg was separated from the Netherlands. The Crown of Luxembourg passed to
Adolph, a representative of the branch of Walram (Weilburg) of the House of
Nassau (1890). Adolphus ruled in the Duchy of Nassau before its annexation to
Prussia in the course of the war between Austria and Prussia in
1866.
--- 1940-1944 ( Interregnum : the German occupation
)
--- 1944-present
-- the Short form
Grand Duke of Luxembourg;
Duke of Nassau;
@ Samples:
(Sep 1964) [3: A - Nr.72; 28 septembre 1964;
p.1405]
< Charlotte (+1985), Grand Duchess of
Luxembourg [1919-1964] >
Nous Charlotte, par la grâce de Dieu,
Grande-Duchesse de Luxembourg,
Duchesse de Nassau etc., etc.,
etc.;
(June 1965) [3: A - Nr. 46; 4 août 1965;
p.755-757]
< John of Bourbon-Parma (born 1921), Grand
Duke of Luxembourg [1964-2000] >
Nous Jean, par la grâce de Dieu, Grand-Duc
de Luxembourg,
Duc de Nassau, etc., etc., etc.
+
Wir Jean, von Gottes Gnaden, Grossherzog von
Luxemburg,
Herzog von Nassau, usw., usw.,
usw.
(July 1981) [3: A - Nr. 56; 18 août 1981;
p.1315-1316; 1322]
Nous Jean, par la grâce de Dieu, Grand-Duc
de Luxembourg,
Duc de Nassau
+
Wir Jean, von Gottes Gnaden, Grossherzog von
Luxemburg,
Herzog von Nassau
(Nov 2000) [3: A - Nr. 123; 6 décembre
2000; p.2847-2848]
< Henry (born 1955), Grand Duke of
Luxembourg 2000 >
Nous Henri, Grand-Duc de Luxembourg,
Duc de Nassau